An Efficient Approximate Method for Scattering Response from Infinite Arrays of Nonlinearly Loaded Antenna in the Frequency Domain
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this paper, different arrangements of infinite arrays of nonlinearly loaded antennas are analyzed in the frequency domain by an efficient approximate method and compared with the exact one which are respectively based on the nonlinear current and harmonic balance techniques. In one hand, although the exact method is suitable for strongly nonlinear load, it is suffering from gradient operation and initial guess in the iteration process especially under multi-tone excitations. On the other hand, although the approximate method is very efficient, it is limited to weakly nonlinear loads and low-valued incident waves. Finally, acceptable ranges for application of the approximate method versus different parameters such as nonlinearity effect of the load and the magnitude of incident wave are extracted.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Dace Zha, J. Dong, K. Si, Zh. Cao, R. Li, F. He, M. Miao, S. Bie, and J. Jiang, "Characteristic mode analysis of resistor-loaded frequency selective surfaces: Theoretical research and experimental verification", Int. J. Appl. Phys. vol. 130, pp. 1-10, 2021.
V. Fusco et al, "Microwave phase conjugation using nonlinearly Loaded Wire Arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 54, no.1, pp. 192-203, 2006.
R.F. Harrington, Field Computation by Moment Methods, Macmillan, New York, 1968.
S .R. Ostadzadeh, M. Soleimani, and M. Tayarani, "A fuzzy model for computing input impedance of two coupled dipole antennas in the echelon form", Prog Electromagn Res, vol. 79, pp. 265-283, 2008.
S. R Ostadzadeh, M. Tayarani, and M. Soleimani, "A hybrid model in analyzing nonlinearly loaded dipole antenna and finite antenna array in the frequency domain", International Journal of RF and Microwave, vol. 19, pp. 512-518, 2009.
S. R Ostadzadeh, "An efficient hybrid model in analyzing nonlinearly loaded dipole antenna above Lossy Ground in the Frequency Domain", Applied Computational Electromagnetic Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 780-787, 2013.
C.C. Huang and T.H. Chu, "Analysis of wire scatterers with nonlinear or time-harmonic loads in the frequency domain," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 25-30, 1993.
K.C. Lee, "Analysis of large nonlinearly loaded antenna arrays under multitone excitation," Microwave Opt Technol. Lett. vol. 25, pp.319-323, 2000.
D. Liao, "Scattering and imaging of nonlinearly loaded antenna structures in half-space environments," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 4230-4240, 2014.
D. Liao, "Generalized wideband harmonic imaging of nonlinearly loaded scatterers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 63, no.5, pp. 2079-2087, 2015.
A. E. Yilmaz et al, "An envelope tracking hybrid field-circuit simulator for narrow-band analysis of nonlinearly loaded wire antennas", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory and Techn, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 208-223, 2014.
K. Sheshyekani, S. H. Sadeghi, and R. Moini, "A combined MoM-AOM approach for frequency domain analysis of nonlinearly loaded antennas in the presence of a lossy ground," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1717-1724, 2008.
H. R. Karami, and K. Sheshyekani, "Transient response of nonlinearly loaded antennas above a lossy dielectric half-space: A modified AOM approach", IEEE Trans. Electromag Compat, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2012.
T.K. Sarkar and D.D. Weiner, "Scattering analysis of nonlinearly loaded dipole antennas", IEEE Trans Antenna Propag, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 125-131, 1976.
T.K. Sarkar and D.D. Weiner, "Analysis of nonlinearly loaded multiport antenna structures over an imperfect ground plane using the Volterra-series method," IEEE Trans. Electromag Compat, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 278-287, 1978.
K.C. Lee, "Mutual coupling mechanisms within arrays of nonlinear antennas," IEEE Trans. Electromag Compat, 47: 963-970, 2005.
M. Teimoori, S. R. Ostadzadeh, B. Abdoli, "Analysis of frequency selective with nonlinear antenna under radiations of bi-frequency waves based on genetic algorithm", International Journal of Computer & Technology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 6914-6922, 2016.
K.C. Lee, "Analyses of nonlinearly loaded antennas and antenna arrays using particle swarm algorithm," IEEE Conference on Antennas Propagat, 2004.
K.C. Lee, "Frequency Domain analyses of Nonlinearly Loaded Antenna Arrays Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm," Prog. Electromagn Res, vol. 78, pp. 265-283, 2005.
A. Bahrami, S. R. Ostadzadeh, "Back scattering response from single, finite and infinite array of nonlinear antennas based on intelligent water drops algorithm", International journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 2040-2056, 2019.
A. Bahrami and S. R. Ostadzadeh, "Comprehensively efficient analysis of nonlinear wire scatterers considering lossy ground and multi-tone excitations", Applied Computational Electromagnetic Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 878-886, 2020.
Kun-Chou Lee, and Tsung-Non Lin, "Application of neural networks to analyses of nonlinearly loaded antenna arrays including mutual coupling effects", IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagations, vol. 53, no. 3, 2005.
S. R. Ostadzadeh, "Nonlinear analysis of nonlinearly loaded dipole antenna in the frequency domain using fuzzy inference" Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 141-152, 2014.
M. R. Alemi and K. Sheshyekani, "Wide-band modeling of tower-footing grounding systems for the evaluation of lightning performance of transmission lines," IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1627-1636, 2015.
L. Stark, "Radiation impedance of a dipole in an infinite planar phased array," Radio Sci., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 361-377, 1966.
H. A.Watson, Microwave Semiconductor Devices and Their Circuit Applications. New York: McGraw Hill, 1969.
Guy. A. E. Vandenbosch, and Flip J. Demuynck, "The expansion wave concept-Part II: A new way to model mutual coupling in microstrip antennas", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 407-413, 1998.
A. L. Vankoughnett, and J. L. Yen, "Properties of cylindrical antenna in an infinite planar or collinear array", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol.5, no. 6, pp. 750-757, 1967.
Sidney. P. Applebaum, "Adaptive arrays", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 587-598, 1976.